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Yevgeny Yevgenyevich Lanceray (; – 13 September 1946), also often spelled Eugene Lansere, was a Russian graphic artist, painter, sculptor, , and illustrator, associated stylistically with Mir iskusstva ("World of Art").Scholl, Tim. "From Petipa to Balanchine: Classical Revival and the Modernization of Ballet", page 144. London: Routledge, 1994.
His father Eugene Lanceray, who was also an artist, died early, aged forty; when the boy was eleven years old. However, his father's example, memories of everything that was connected with his life and work affected the formation of the personality of the future artist. Already a mature and experienced master, Eugene Lanceray noted that “his search for the right everyday gesture, interest in the ethnographic characterization of characters”, and, finally, “attraction to the Caucasus” were received from his father “as a heredity” characteristic of his work.
The artist spent his childhood in Ukraine, in a small estate of his father Neskuchnoe. After the death of Eugene Lanceray, the artist's father, mother moved with her children to St. Petersburg, to his father's house, known in art circles as “the house of Benois near Nikola Morskoy” ().
Lanceray took his first lessons at the Drawing School of the Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts in St. Petersburg from 1892 to 1896.Bown, Matthew Cullerne. "Art Under Stalin", p. 243. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1991. under Jan Ciągliński and Ernst Friedrich von Liphart. He then traveled to Paris, where he continued his studies at the Académie Colarossi and Académie Julian between 1896 and 1899.
Like other members of Mir iskusstva, he was fascinated with the "sparkling dust" of Rococo art, and often turned to the 18th-century Russian history and art for inspiration.Catriona Kelly, David Shepherd. "Constructing Russian Culture in the Age of Revolution, 1881-1940", page 182. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.Pushkarev, Sergei. "The Emergence of Modern Russia, 1801-1917", p. 327. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1963.
Eugene Lanceray was younger than the masters of Mir iskusstva and initially acted as their student. His creative method and aesthetic views evolved under the influence and guidance of Benois, although, by some aspects of his talent, Lanceray may have exceeded his teacher. His first significant works in the field of easel painting and graphics were created in the late 1890 - early 1900s. The main creative interests of the artist were turned at that time to the "historical", mainly architectural landscape.
Lanceray's most celebrated mural painting is located at the ceiling of Moscow Kazansky railway station (1933-1934). Besides its place and its scale, the distinctive feature of this work is that it was made using tempera paint, so beloved by the artist. But he worked with various media, and the area of his activity included not only mural art but also fine art, graphics, illustration and theatrical scenery. For the first time, Lanceray took to the work in the theater in early 1900s, paying tribute to the passion for theater painting, which was characteristic of almost all the representatives of the older generation of the Mir iskusstva group.
Lanceray himself hated the new Soviet regime that he had to exist in after 1917. It referred to his own understanding of the historical way of Russia and the massive oppressions towards his relatives and close friends (some of them immigrated and some of them were killed). During the Russian Civil War, he worked for the propaganda department of the Volunteer Army. In February 1932 he left a note in his diaries: ‘There is incredible impoverishment. Of course, this is the government’s goal to bring everyone and everything to poverty, since it is easier to manage the poor and the hungry’.
Lanceray left Saint Petersburg in 1917, and spent three years living in Dagestan, where he became infatuated with Oriental themes. His interest increased during journeys made in the early 1920s to Japan and Ankara, Turkey. In 1920, he moved to Tbilisi, Georgia. During his stay in Georgia, he lectured at the Tbilisi State Academy of Arts (1922–1934) and illustrated the Caucasian novellas of Leo Tolstoy. Amongst his students was Apollon Kutateladze.
Lanceray left Georgia in 1934, settling in Moscow, where he became engaged in the decoration of the Moscow Kazansky railway station and the Hotel Moskva.Bown, Matthew Cullerne. "Art Under Stalin", pages 81 & 243. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1991. During the same period, Lanceray also worked as a theatrical designer.Atkinson, W. Patrick. "Theatrical Design in the Twentieth Century: An Index to Photographic Reproductions of Scenic Designs", page 312. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996.
Three years before his death, he was honored with the Stalin Prize, and in 1945 he was awarded the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR. He died in Moscow at the age of 71.
Schusev, the famous Russian architect and a frequent character of Lanceray's diaries, was responsible for the whole process from the very beginning. Kazanskij vokzal v preddverii revolyucii. 1916-1917 gody. (accessed: 28.02.2020) (in Russ.). In 1916, Schusev, Benois, Serebryakova, Lanceray were hired to plan the decorations and paintings for the Kazanskiy railway station, but the revolution broke off the plans.
1932 was the year when the state reform of architecture was carried out in the USSR, and ‘Stalinist’ architecture with its monumental style became canonical. Lanceray, an experienced monumental painter with conservative views, was invited from Tbilisi to Moscow to continue working at The Central Railway Station decorations. He was in charge of the restaurant located inside. In the 1932-1934 paintings, Lanceray tried to show specific features of every painted region. For instance, Murmansk displays a busy crew ship, while Crimea is depicted by a smiling Tatar woman against the background of a clear sky, exotic trees and a working carpenter.
In the thirties, he managed to complete such murals as Moscow Construction, Murmansk, Crimea, and others. In January 1934, after gluing the first canvas to the plafond Lanceray writes: "A turning, formidable day: today they glued the first picture, Crimea. Of course, I am shocked by the effect. It is small, puny, completely not picturesque, completely not monumental. <..> At this distance, there is no other volumetric effect <..> That's when you learn the experience and mastery of Byzantium!" Е.Е.Лансере. Казанский вокзал. Boris (byk). E.E.Lanceray. Kazanskiy vokzal. E.E.Lanceray. Kazanskiy Railway Station(accessed: 28.02.2020) (in Russ.).
Because of the irregular construction of the building, high ceilings and unpredictable light, the artist faced difficulties to make the painting bright and noticeable. Besides its place and its scale, a distinctive feature of this work is that it was made using tempera paint. The artist also preferred to paint on a canvas that would then be attached to the ceiling. But, while Lanceray was disappointed with his inappropriate use of technique, the Committee members were not really satisfied with the subject of Lanceray's paintings.
Later, they would say that his projects were missing a “deep socialist” idea in his projects and would blame him for using too many abstract symbols and allegories.
Lanceray kept working on these monumental paintings after the war finished. After his death, other artists had to finish the work according to the sketches he left.
Nowadays the decorated plafond of Kazanskiy railway station looks very contrast. Heavy soviet paintings of predominantly brown shades seem lost among pompous gilded stucco molding.
Today this part of the building is used as a superior lounge, where people who buy business class tickets can wait for their departure. On every New Year's Eve, there is a constructed stage where children's performances are shown and music concerts are played.
Over time, the paintings deteriorated and were often hidden behind a cloth. In connection with the Euro-2012, they were restored. These two murals are the only monumental works of Eugene Lanceray preserved in Ukraine and the only examples of murals of the 1930s that exist in Kharkiv. Although there were a lot of wall paintings in Kharkiv in the pre-war period, almost all of them either died during the war or disappeared during repairs, or were deliberately destroyed.
After the adoption of the Law of Decommunization in Ukraine in 2015, these murals painted by Lanceray in Kharkiv were at risk of destruction. A public discussion was held on the conservation of them. Since the work could not be visually construed as direct communist propaganda, officials asked the state to give it the status of cultural heritage.
If approved, these artworks of Lanceray would be the first examples of monumental painting, which the Ukrainian state will protect.
Career before the revolution
After returning from France to Russia, Lanceray joined Mir iskusstva, an influential Russian art movement inspired by an artistic journal of the same name, founded in 1899, in Saint Petersburg.Scholl, Tim. "From Petipa to Balanchine: Classical Revival and the Modernization of Ballet", page 43 & 144. London: Routledge, 1994. Other prominent members of Mir iskusstva' included Lanceray's uncle Alexandre Benois, Konstantin Somov, Walter Nouvel, Léon Bakst, and Dmitry Filosofov.
Life after the revolution
Lanceray was the only prominent member of Mir iskusstva to remain in Russia after the Revolution of 1917. Being a representative of traditional painting (not avant-garde movement) and the bourgeoisie, he was not in great demand with the new Soviet government for a long time. Even Serebryakova found the revolutionary milieu alien to her art and, in 1924, she fled to Paris.
Moscow Kazansky Railway Station
One of the most well-known works of Lanceray is the mural of Kazanskiy Railway Station (1932-1934 and 1944-1946).
Mural artworks in Kharkiv
In 1932, Lanceray completed two of his monumental works at the Zheleznodorozhnik Palace of Culture (now "the Central House of Culture and Technology of the South Railway") in Kharkiv. One of them is called Partisans of the Caucasus salute the Red Army and the other one Meeting of Komsomol members with the peasants of Crimea.
See also
External links
Categories: 1875 Births, 1946 Deaths, People From Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg, Painters From Saint Petersburg, People From Tsarskoselsky Uyezd, Benois Family, Russian People Of French Descent, Russian People Of German Descent, Socialist Realist Artists, 19th-century Illustrators From The Russian Empire, 20th-century Russian Illustrators, Russian Magazine Illustrators, Russian Landscape Painters, Russian Male Painters, Russian Muralists, Russian Portrait Painters, Soviet Illustrators, Soviet Painters, 19th-century Painters From The Russian Empire, 20th-century Russian Painters, Illustrators From The Russian Empire, Mir Iskusstva Artists, Académie Julian Alumni, Académie Colarossi Alumni, Members Of The Imperial Academy Of Arts, Academic Staff Of The Tbilisi State Academy Of Arts, White Movement People, People's Artists Of The Rsfsr, Recipients Of The Stalin Prize, Recipients Of The Order Of The Red Banner Of Labour, Burials At Novodevichy Cemetery
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